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PANGKALANTOTO 2 The ideal lift distribution across a wing is elliptical, and extending partial-span flaps causes a significant departure from the elliptical. The Royal Aircraft Factory and National Physical Laboratory in the United Kingdom tested flaps in 1913 and 1914, but these were never installed in an actual aircraft. As a defining feature - distinguishing it from the Gouge Flap - it always provides a slot effect. In the absence of an inboard aileron, which provides a gap in many flap installations, a modified flap section may be needed. V). Thus, flaps are extensively in use for short takeoffs and landings (STOL). Reed, Warren D.; Clay, William C. (30 June 1937). "Full-scale wind-tunnel and flight tests of a Fairchild 22 airplane equipped with external-airfoil flaps". Fairey was one of the few exponents of this design, which was used on the Fairey Firefly and Fairey Barracuda. It was invented by Orville Wright and James M. H. Jacobs in 1920, but only became common in the 1930s and was then quickly superseded.|The Slot Pragmatic Chronicles